Us Anti Aircraft Gun - The M247 Sergeant York DeWat (Division Air Defs) is a self-propelled anti-aircraft gun (SPAAG) developed by Ford Aerospace in the late 1970s. Based on the M48 Patton tank, it replaced Patton's turret with two radar-guided Boffers 40mm rapid-fire guns. The vehicle was named after Sergeant Alvin York, a legendary World War I soldier.
Sergeant York wanted to fight alongside the M1 Abrams and M2 Bradley in the US Army, as did the Soviet ZSU-23-4 and the German Flakpanzer Gepard. It will replace the M163 Vulcan Air Defse System SPAAG and MIM-72 Chaparral missiles, limited-performance ad hoc systems introduced when the more advanced MIM-46 Mauler missile was not mature.
Us Anti Aircraft Gun
Despite the use of several off-the-shelf technologies intended to ensure rapid and low-cost development, persistent technical problems and massive costs led to the program's cancellation in 1985.
Photo] 12.8 Cm Flakzwilling 40 Anti Aircraft Gun On Display At The United States Army Ordnance Museum, Maryland, United States, 14 Aug 2007
The SPAAG in US Army service had a fully manual M19 multiple gun motor carriage with two 40mm L60 Bofors guns based on the same chassis as that used on the M24 Chaffee. When the M24 and vehicles of the same chassis were withdrawn from service, turrets were taken from the M19 and mounted on the chassis of the M41 Walker Bulldog light tank to produce the M42 Duster. By the time it reached widespread service in the late 1950s, it was clear that, although capable for the era in which it was developed, it was ineffective against high-speed jet targets. The Duster was discontinued entirely by 1963, only to be reintroduced briefly during the Vietnam War when its replacement was not forthcoming.
The first proposed replacement for the Duster was the Sperry Vigilante, which specified a proposed six-barreled 37mm Gatling gun as the basis for a new SPAAG. Although the gun was very powerful, the Army decided that all gun-based systems were obsolete by the late 1950s.
The next proposed replacement for the Duster is the ambitious MIM-46 Mauler missile system. Mauler mounted a nine-missile magazine on top of a custom M113 APC chassis, along with detection and surveillance radars. The Mauler had a fully automatic fire control system, with operators selecting targets and pressing "OK". It can engage low-flying, high-speed targets at any angle at a distance of about five miles. However, Mauler was beyond the state of the art and encountered insurmountable problems during development. Recognizing that it would not enter service anytime soon, it was downgraded to a technical demonstration project in 1963 and eventually canceled in 1965.
Still lacking an effective air defense system, the Army began developing two standoff systems that would work together as the "Chaparral-Vulcan Air Defense System". The M163 VADS combines the M61 Vulcan gun, M113 chassis and all-optical fire control system with a simple lead computing sight. Suitable for "snapshots" against nearby targets, the VADS system was equipped with only a small gun-sight radar whose firing range was too short to justify a large surveillance radar.
Original U.s. Wwii Navy 40mm Bofors Anti Aircraft Usn Gun Sight
The VADS was intended to work with the MIM-72 Chaparral missile system, which combined the AIM-9 Sidewinder missile with a highly modified version of the M113 chassis. Chaparral AIM-9D missiles are tail-fired, but have a range of up to five miles (8.0 km). Using an all-optical firing system, the Chaparral requires the operator to "park" on the target for a specified period of time before locking on the missiles, limiting their ability to engage fast-moving targets. Both vehicles were optionally supported by the AN/MPQ-49 Forward Area Alerting Radar (FAAR), but this system was towed by the Gamma Goat and could not be used near the front lines.
This pair of guns was at best a nuisance to the enemy and had limited effectiveness against modern aircraft.
At one point, the military was concerned with developing ssor technology that would allow fixed-wing aircraft to attack at night or in bad weather. They created the need for an operational weapon system using FLIR and laser range finder to counter this threat. However, the rest of the military establishment rejected the idea; The U.S. Air Force was only able to conduct limited operations in bad weather, and the Soviets had significantly less capable forces in this regard. The idea gained little traction and died.
By the late 1960s, the combination of helicopters and anti-tank missiles had improved to the point where they became a serious threat to armed operations. Demonstrating this powerful combination in combat during the 1972 Easter Offensive of the Vietnam War, the US led the field with its TOW missile on the UH-1 Iroquois.
A U.s. Army Soldier Mans An M 167 Vulcan Anti Aircraft Gun
The Soviets initially lagged behind the US, but in the 1970s the introduction of the 9K114 Shturm missile on the Mil Mi-24 (NATO called it the "Hindu") gave the USSR equal footing.
Unlike fixed-wing aircraft, attack helicopters had the ability to hover behind cover and pick off their targets. They "pop up" and launch a missile, then return to cover when the missile hits the target. By using quick-reaction wire or radio-guided missiles, total gagement time is reduced because "lock-in" time is not required; The operator fired as soon as they were clear of terrain and adjusted the missile's flight path to the target. The Vulcan/Chaparral combination was ineffective against these aircraft.
The Vulcan could react quickly to short-range targets, but its 20 mm gun was only capable of 1,200 meters (1,300 yd), much less than 3,000 to 5,000 meters (3,300). up to 5500yd) at 9K114 range. Although the Chaparral has enough range to evaluate the Hind, its long lock-on period means that the Hind will reach the target before the Sidewinder can reach it and hide behind the terrain again. In addition, the older Sidewinder missiles used in Chaparral had limited effectiveness against exhaust-propelled and forward-facing helicopters.
The limited effectiveness of the Vulcan/Chaparral was not the only problem facing the US military in the late 1970s. At that time, they also introduced the new M1 Abrams and M2 Bradley vehicles, which greatly improved terrain performance. The M113-based Vulcan and Chaparral were unable to keep up with the new vehicles in a move to attack the fast-moving front.
Kim's Air Force Can't Fly Against South Korea's New Anti Aircraft Gun
Finally, the ZSU-23-4 "Shilka" SPAAG was widely introduced by the Soviets, causing some concern after its appearance in the Middle East. The Israeli pilots, trying to avoid the fire of the Syrian SA-6 batteries, flew right into the Shilka area. Many aircraft were lost or damaged.
For all these reasons, the Army developed a requirement for a new weapons system, the "Advanced Radar-Guided Weapons Air Defense System" (ARGADS), which combines the Vulcan's reaction speed with the Chaparral's range and puts them on a chassis. Continue the battle with new tanks. They worked on the previous FLIR/laser claim. The organization was later renamed "Division Air Defs" (DWAT).
At the time, most US military policy was based on the US Air Force quickly gaining air superiority and maintaining it throughout the conflict. Accordingly, the military previously gave relatively low priority to anti-aircraft weapons. It gave them time to mature through trials and traumas. In the case of DIVAD, the threat was deemed so serious and rapidly evolving that the Army decided to skip the traditional development period and go into immediate production using several "specific" areas.
Colonel Russell Parker testified to the National Armed Services Committee in March 1977, "We expect this somewhat unusual approach to significantly reduce development time, resulting in a faster release date, although there is a high but acceptable risk...the manufacturer will offer fixed price guarantee terms to address defects."
File:dual 40mm Anti Aircraft Gun (usa).jpg
This is said to shave up to five years off the development cycle, although it will require in-service problems to be identified and fixed on in-service vehicles.
On May 18, 1977, Colonel Parker presented the DIVAD program to 49 industry representatives. According to the DIVAD requirement, the tanks were to be based on the chassis of the Army-supplied M48 Patton tanks, which were kept in large quantities in surplus warehouses. The DIVAD called for the weapon to be visible within five seconds (later extended to eight) of reaching a target or begin firing within 3000 meters, and it must have a 50% chance of hitting the target in 30 shots. - Round blast. In addition to all-weather capability, it should also have optical targeting capabilities including FLIR and laser rangefinder.
General Dynamics involved the XM246 in the DIVAD project. Big round
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